Charging apparatus.



W. A. TURBAYNE. GHARGING APPARATUS. ABPLIOATION FILED AUG. 25, 1909.

Patented May 2, 1911.

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WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, 0F LANCASTER, NEVI YORK, ASSIGNOR 'IgO GOULDCOUPLER GO'MPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

crraaerne arreim'rus.

Patented May 2, 1911.

Application filed August 25, 1909. Serial No. 514,500.

To'aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, YILLIAM A. Tore BAYNE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and aresident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie, State or" NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ChargingApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in charging apparatus and is moreespecially directedto improvements-in apparatus for charging storagebatteries from a circuit supplying current at a substantially constantpotential.

One object of my invention is to provide an arrangement by which thebattery may be given a tapering charge of suflicient taper so that athirty-two cell battery in a discharged condition will receiveapproximately sixty amperes while .on becoming fully charged it willonly receive approximately twenty ampercs.

A further object of my invention is to provide an arrangement which willdo this with the inclusion of a very small amount of apparatus of thesimplest kind sothat it is not liable to get out of order and it is muchmore reliable.

A further object is to provide an arrange.- ment in which the energyconsumed in the battery circuit external to the battery may be readilyand sufiiciently dissipatedin the form of heat without unduly heatingthe parts or without the use of apparatus of abnormal size.

Further objects; i'eatures and advantages i will more clearly appearfrom the detail description given below taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings which form a part of this specification.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 repl resents diagrammatically anarrangement embodying one form of my invention. Fig. 2- is a diagram ofcurves illustrating the charging operation when only a fixed resist anceis used in series with the l'iattery. Fig.

charging operatioi') with my improved ar- It cferring to Fig. 1. 1 and 2represent the lines of a circult supplying a substau- 1 tially constantpotential of 110 volts.- 3 represents a storage battery of thirty-twocells arranged to be connected across the circuit l-Q in order to becharged thereby. In series with the battery 3 is a variable resist anceR vhich is in the form of a carbon pile. Als in series with the battery3- and the carbon pile E is a fixed resistance R which is in the form ofan iron grid resistance so that it readily dissipates the heat energyconsumed therein. Connected in a branch circuit 4 across the carbon pileR and in'parallel therewith is another resistance B which is also in theform of an iron grid for the same reason. In series with the resistanceR and connected in the branch circuitis a solenoid 5, the resistance01'' which is indicated by B "The solenoid 5 is arranged to control andvary the car bon pile resistance R by means of a lever 6 pivoted at 7and operated by the core 8 of.

the solenoid 5. A spring 9 is opposed to the action of the solenoid 5and adashpot 10 is provided for the core 8 in order to in sure smoothoperation. The fixed resistance R substantially .25 ohm while the sum ofthe resistances R and B is substantially 1.25 ohms. The parts are soadjusted that with the battery in a discharged condition and with themaximum current flowing, the solenoid 5 will compress the carbon pileresistance R so that its resistance is substantially .625 ohm.

In order to-more clearly understand the operation of my arrangement aconsideration of Fig. 2 will show that the desired taper of chargecannot be obtained by using a simple fixed resistance in series with thebattery. With the conditions as specified it would require a two-thirdohm resistance. in order to give the initial rate of sixty amperos withthe battery at seventy volts. Under these conditions when the voltage ofthe battery rises ten volts to eighty, the battery current will onlydrop to forty-five amperes. But it is desired that the battery currentdrop to twenty amperes with this ten volt rise in the battery potential.The cur es shown in Fig. 2 are easily plotted from the equation alsoshown in Fig. 2.

With my improved arrangement the annaratus so designed that with thebattery initiallv at seventy volts t-y ampere current sixty ampores willflow through this circuit.

while forty oi the sixty amperes will llow through the carbon pile R Newupon anyincrease in the, voltage of the batterydue to its becomingcharged there will be a. tendency for the current to decrease through Rand also through the branch circuit l. Any decrease in the currentthrough the branch circuit 4 weakens the solenoid 5 so that theresiseance of the carbon pile R is increased. until the current throughthe branch circuit 4 is brought back substantially to its original.value twenty amperes. A further increase in the battery voltage producessimilar results so that the current in the branch circuit 45 ismaintained substantially constant and the voltage across the resistancesR and R is maintained substantially constant. except for the slightincrements necessary to cause the operation of the core 8, whichincrements may be neglected. This action continues until the resistanceof the carbon pile E- 'substantially reaches infinity so that thecircuit through R is substantially open, when the only current furnishedthe battery will be the twenty 'amperes through the branch circuit 4.The solenoid 5 is so adjusted and the resistance B is given such a valuethat with the lever 6 at its lower extremity and the carbon resistanceassuniedly open circuited the minimum rate of twenty amperes will enterthe battery when the battery attains the back electro-motivc force ofeighty volts.

The parallel relation of the solenoid 5 and the resistance R ith thevariable resistance R and series resistance R forces the voltagevariations to be developed acr ss the series rcsistance'B since thesolenoid 5 acts to maintain substantially constant the voltage dropacross the parallel branch circuit 4'.

Upon switching the arrangement shown including the thirty-two cells ofittery. across the 110 volts supply a curr: more than twenty anipereswill lira", solenoid 5 rill raise its core, thereby con'ipres in thecarbon resistance E and reducing t re sistance in this branch. This(JOEDPLQPSlOH and consequent reduction of resistance will continue untilthe current through the circuit develops such a voltage across theresistance B as to establish a condition of equilibrium in whichsubstantially twenty amp-ares flow through the branch circuit v ii nofurtl er increase of compression wi l take place. Rise 0t battery backpressure will be followed by current reduction and as the carbon pile Rwith the soleuo. acts maintain substantially constant drop 1 across thefixed resistance R R it follows that the voltage drop at any periodacross the series resistance R must be the difference between thebattery electroinotive force plus the fixed electromo'tive force acrossthe branch circuit and the voltage of the line. From this we get thevalues shown by the on of Fig.- 3. y

Referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that as the battery back pressureincreases from seventy to eighty volts the voltage. across theresistance R drops from fifteen to liv The current in R remainssubstantially constant as does also the Votage across R The current in Ehowever drops from forty aniperes to substantially nothing so that the.battery charging current drops rroni sixty ainperes to substantiallytwenty amperes.

it is obvious that widely varying values of charging rate be obtained bymerely varying the tension of spring 9 or the initial carbon compressionof the rosistzf'nce 7R without modifying the values of the iixed gridresistances R and R By providing the fixed resistances llgfand R of theiron grid torm they readily dissipate the heat of the energy consumedtherein so that much less heat energ need be consumed in the carbon pileR which may therefore not be made unnecessarily bulky as wouldordinarily be the case. Furthermore a large amount of the heat given oilis dissipated from the grids R and R in which it can do no damage.

Although I have described my improvements in great detail, neverthelessit will be obvious to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications may be made to suit particular conditions withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of my invention, and, therefore, Ido not desire to be limited to the particular arrangement shown. but

{aving fully and clearly described my invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit them-tor. alined resistance in series with the battery and means for maintainingthe volt age. across said resistance substantially constant.

2. The combination of a storage battery, :1 diargin; circuit therefor. afixed resistance in series with the battery and means for controllingthe voltage across said resistance, as the voltage of the battery todecrease the battery current.

3. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor. avariable resistance in series with the battery, a fixed resistance inparallel with said variable resistance and means for controlling thevariable resistance responsive to changes of current through the fixedresistance.

iron grid resistance in parallel with said variable resistance and meansfor controlling the variable resistance responsive to changes of voltagein the arrangement;

5. The combination of a storagebattery,

acharging circuit therefor, a variable resistance connected to vary thebattery current and means for varying said resistance to decrease thebattery current. to give a tapering charge responsive to variations inthe battery current.

6. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance for varying the battery current, a fixed resistancein'series with the battery and means for controlling the variableresistance responsive to variations of current through said fixedresistance.

7. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance anda-fixed resistance for varying the batterycurrent, a second fixed resistance in. series with the battery and meansfor varying the variable resistance to decrease the battery currentresponsive to decreases in current in said second fixed resistance.

8. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance and a fixed resistance in series with each other andthe battery and means for increasing said variable resistance as thebattery voltage rises and responsive to decreases in the batterycurrent.

9.' The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor avariable resistance and a fixed resistance in series with each other andthe battery, a second fixed resistance in parallel with the variableresistance and means for controlling the variable resistance responsiveto changes of current in said second fixed resistance.

10. The combination of a storage battery a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance and a fixed resistance in series with one anotherand the battery, a second fixed resistance in series with the batteryand said first mentioned fixed resistance but in a parallel circuit withthe variable resistance and a coil in said parallel circuit controllingthe operation of the variable resistance.

11. The combination of a storage battery a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance in series with the battery for varying the batterycurrent, a coil. in parallel with said resistance for controlling theaction thereof and an iron grid resistance in series with the battery ofheat.

12. The combination of a. storage battery a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance and an iron grid resistance in series with thebattery and means 'for varying the variable resistance to decrease thebattery current responsive to decreases in the-battery current as thebattery voltage rises.

13. The combination of a storage battery a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance and an iron grid resistance in series with thebattery, :1 second iron grid re sistance in series with the battery butin a parallel circuit to the variable resistance and means forcontrolling the variable resistance responsive to current variations insaid second grid resistance.

14. The combination of a storage battery a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance and an iron grid resistance in series with thebattery, a second iron grid resistance in series with the battery but ina parallel circuit to the variable resistance and a coil in series withsaid second grid resistance in the parallel circuit acting to cause anincrease of the resistance ofv the variable resistance upon a decreaseof current in said second grid resistance.

15. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor, avariable resistance in series with the battery, a fixed resistance inparallel with said variable resistance and means for controlling thevariable resistance responsive to changes of current through the fixedresistance, said variable resistance being in the form of a carbon pile.

16. The combination of a storage battery,

a charging circuit therefor, a variable resistance and a fixedresistance in series with each other and the battery, a second fixedresistance in parallel with the variable resistance and means forcontrolling the variable resistance responsive to changes of current insaid second fixed resistance, said variable resistance being in the formof a carbon pile. I

17 The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit. therefor, avariable resistance and an iron grid resistance in series with thebattery, a second iron grid resistance in series with the battery but ina parallel circuit to the. variable resistance and means for controllingthe variable resistance responsive to current variations in said secondgrid resistance, said variable resistance being in the form of a carbonpile.

18. The combination of a storage battery,

a charging circuit therefor, a.variable re-.

for the dissipation gl lid resistance to give the battery 2. taperingarge.

19. The combination of a storage battery, a charging circuit therefor,21 variable resistance connected to vary the battery eurrent and meansfor varying said resistance to decrease the battery current responsiveto Witnesses: decreases in the battery current. l PIERCE W. Exemsn, Intestimony whereof, I have signed my W. PATTENDEN.

{ name to this epeeific two subscnbm Wri' VIII-E3 31 A. TURBAYNE.

Copies of this patent may be obceined for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). C.

